The function and characteristics of hydraulic components
Technical characteristics: High precision machining is required, the material must be wear-resistant and impact-resistant, and the installation accuracy directly affects the service life.
Release Time：
2025-05-30
Functions and Characteristics of Hydraulic Components
I. Power Components
Function
Convert mechanical energy from the prime mover into hydraulic energy, providing high-pressure hydraulic fluid to the system.
Core Components
Hydraulic Pumps (gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps, etc.):
Gear pumps have a simple structure and are highly resistant to contamination, but they are noisy and suitable for low-pressure systems (such as machine tool lubrication).
Piston pumps have high pressure (25-35 MPa) and high flow rate, and can steplessly adjust displacement, used in high-pressure, high-power equipment (such as coal mining machines and hydraulic presses).
Vane pumps have uniform flow rate and low noise, widely used in medium and high-pressure scenarios (such as lathe hydraulic systems).
Technical Characteristics: High precision machining requirements, wear-resistant and impact-resistant materials, installation accuracy directly affects service life.
II. Actuators
Function
Convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to drive external mechanical actions.
Core Components
Hydraulic Cylinders (piston cylinders, plunger cylinders, swing cylinders):
Reciprocating linear motion, output thrust (such as injection molding machine clamping mechanism).
Swing cylinders achieve limited angle swing (such as hydraulic robotic arm joints).
Hydraulic Motors (gear type, vane type, piston type):
Output rotational torque, used to drive rotating loads (such as engineering machinery walking system).
Characteristics: High power density, stable movement, strong impact resistance.
III. Control Components
Function
Adjust system pressure, flow rate, and flow direction to ensure accurate and controllable actions.
Classification and Characteristics
Pressure Valves (relief valves, pressure reducing valves):
Relief valves are used for system overload protection, and pressure reducing valves stabilize branch circuit pressure.
Flow Valves (throttle valves, speed control valves):
Precisely adjust the flow rate to control the movement speed of the actuator.
Directional Valves (reversing valves, check valves):
Electromagnetic reversing valves respond quickly (<100ms) to achieve oil circuit switching.
Technological Trends: Integration, proportional control, and intelligence (such as electro-hydraulic servo valves).
IV. Auxiliary Components
Function
Ensure system cleanliness, heat dissipation, and connection stability.
Core Categories
Oil Filters: Filtration accuracy can reach 5μm, preventing particle wear of components.
Accumulators: Absorb pressure pulsations and provide emergency power (such as releasing stored energy during power failure).
Coolers: Forced heat dissipation maintains oil temperature ≤60℃ to prevent oil oxidation.
Seals: U-shaped seals are resistant to high pressure (>30 MPa) and reduce leakage risks.
V. Industry Technical Characteristics
High Pressure: Piston pump pressure increased to 40 MPa or more, adapting to the needs of heavy equipment.
Intelligence: Integrate sensors and PLCs to achieve adaptive adjustment of pressure/flow rate.
Domestic Technological Breakthroughs: High-end components such as inclined axis piston pumps are gradually replacing imports and are used in military and aerospace fields.
(Note: Industry data updated to the latest technical standards of 2025)
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